Essential Biology Learning Guides (homework, review)
Topic 6,1 Digestion & absorption - PDF of Biozone Workbook pages (updated 2nd edition) pp 227-235 (Activities 160-167)
Topic 6.4 Gas Exchange - Biozone PDF pp 258-266 (Activities 184-190)
Topics 6.2 Transport (Circulation) - Biozone PDF pp 236-247 (Activities 168-176)
Topic 11.3 Kidney and Osmoregulation - Biozone PDF pp 408-420 (Activities 297-307)
Topic 6.3/11.1 Disease and Immune System /Antibody Production and Vaccination - Biozone PDFs (separate files) 6.3/11.1
TAKE HOME QUIZ ON TOPICS 6.3/11.1
Topic 6.5/11.2 - Neurons & Synapses/Muscles - Biozone PDFs (separate files) 6.5/11.2
Topic 6.6/11.4 Hormones, Homeostasis, Reproduction - BIozone PDFs (separate files) 6.6/11.4
Support material for unit (homework, class discussion)
Powerpoint (C Paine) for topic 6.1 Allott & Mindorff reading: pp. 279-287
Powerpoint (images - Pearson text) for topic 6.4_ Allott & Mindorff reading: pp. 311-318
Powerpoints (S Taylor) for topic 6.2 Allott & Mindorff reading: pp. 290-301
Powerpoint (D Arherne) for topic 11.3 Allott & Mindorff reading pp. 485-498
Powerpoints (C Paine) for topics 6.3 /11.1 (separate presentations) Allott & Mindorff reading: pp. 303-309, 465-475
Powerpoints (C Paine) for topic 6.5/11.2 (separate presentations) Allott & Mindorff reading: pp 319-327, 476-484
Powerpoints (C Paine) for topics 6.6 and 11.4 Allott & Mindorff reading: pp. 329-340, 499-510
Powerpoint (images - Pearson text) for topic 6.4_ Allott & Mindorff reading: pp. 311-318
Powerpoints (S Taylor) for topic 6.2 Allott & Mindorff reading: pp. 290-301
Powerpoint (D Arherne) for topic 11.3 Allott & Mindorff reading pp. 485-498
Powerpoints (C Paine) for topics 6.3 /11.1 (separate presentations) Allott & Mindorff reading: pp. 303-309, 465-475
Powerpoints (C Paine) for topic 6.5/11.2 (separate presentations) Allott & Mindorff reading: pp 319-327, 476-484
Powerpoints (C Paine) for topics 6.6 and 11.4 Allott & Mindorff reading: pp. 329-340, 499-510
Digestion & Absorption (Topic 6.1) - It's all about Structure/Function
It all starts in the mouth with saliva. Saliva helps us swallow food, protects our teeth and even gives us a sense of sweetness as it converts starch to glucose. Anthropologist and evolutionary biologist Nathaniel Dominy, associate professor in the Department of Anthropology at Dartmouth College, has studied saliva from around the globe. He researches how humans acquire, process and assimilate food -- and how those behaviors affect the evolution of anatomical form and function. Listen to the following short interview.
Be able to explain why a given structure is supportive of a corresponding function! This is the basis of many of the questions on the Essential Biology packet.
Villus
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Microvilli on SI epithelial cell
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fiber optic photography of digestion (some real, some not?) - click for video
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lymph circuitry - in addition to blood vessels
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Left: nice visual way to show the difference between absorption and assimilation....what is the destination?
Above: SA/vol ratio...at three levels in the small intestine.
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Note how neatly digestion allows you to revisit the concepts of enzymes.
ew.
6.4 - Gas Exchange
Shaf Keshavjee at TEDMED 2010
lung "breathing" outside of body!
lung "breathing" outside of body!
Gas exchange (a) oxygen (red) from lungs TO capillary, (b) from capillary TO body cells. Carbon dioxide (blue) is shown in the reverse path
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Tissue level and cellular level diagrams of lung structure
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Photomicrograph of lung tissue - note the interconnectedness of lung and capillary tissues
also look at the torso model in class and diagram below - note the internal and external intercostal (in between the ribs) muscles - which contracts with inspiration and which with expiration?
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also look at lung model in class and diagram below - what happens as the diaphragm contracts?
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external intercostals contract - expands thoracic cavity
internal intercostal contract - decreases volume in thoracic cavity
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diaphragm contract - expand thoracic volume,
diaphragm relaxes - decrease thoracic volume
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6.2 Transport (Circulation) connected to Kidney
HOW DO THE VALVES WORK?
valves in the heart maintain one-way flow of blood
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valves are also found in the veins of the legs - Why??
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WHAT STARTS THE SYSTEM? MYOGENIC SINO-ATRIAL NODE. NOTE WHAT IS MUSCLE AND WHAT IS NERVE TISSUE IN THE FOLLOWING (click on image to set animation)
WHAT CONTROLS THE RATE?
INCLUDE ROLES OF CARBON DIOXIDE, CHEMORECEPTORS IN THE BLOOD,
THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA IN THE BRAIN, THE VAGUS NERVE,
EPINEPHRINE, AUTONOMIC CONTROL, NEGATIVE FEEDBACK.
INCLUDE ROLES OF CARBON DIOXIDE, CHEMORECEPTORS IN THE BLOOD,
THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA IN THE BRAIN, THE VAGUS NERVE,
EPINEPHRINE, AUTONOMIC CONTROL, NEGATIVE FEEDBACK.
HEART MUSCLE NEEDS ITS OWN SOURCE OF BLOOD - CORONARY ARTERIES!
ARTERIES VS. VEINS...STRUCTURE/FUNCTION
BLOOD COMPOSITION AND FUNCTION - SEE ALSO BLOOD TYPING LAB.
CAN YOU LIST 5 BIOCHEMICALS CARRIED DIRECTLY IN THE PLASMA?
TWO BIOCHEMICALS CARRIED INDIRECTLY BY BLOOD CELLS?
ONE FORM OF ENERGY CARRIED BY BLOOD?
CAN YOU LIST 5 BIOCHEMICALS CARRIED DIRECTLY IN THE PLASMA?
TWO BIOCHEMICALS CARRIED INDIRECTLY BY BLOOD CELLS?
ONE FORM OF ENERGY CARRIED BY BLOOD?
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What's new?
11.3 Kidney - Excretion and Water Balance - Osmoregulation
Different Evolutionary Strategies:
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Malpighian Tubules - direct uric acid and ions into the gut of arthropods
Water follows by osmosis Material moves to the gut, where water and ions are reabsorbed Uric acid is excreted with feces |
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In mammals, kidneys have a more complicated but related mode of action...
BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN THE BIG STEPS IN DETAIL - WHAT IN/WHAT OUT, WHERE?
ULTRAFILTRATION
SELECTIVE REABSORPTION
OSMOREGULATION
ULTRAFILTRATION
SELECTIVE REABSORPTION
OSMOREGULATION
This may help with the role of the Loop of Henle in osmoregulation - click reset to start.
(countercurrent = exchange between two bodies flowing in opposite directions to each other)
Look for familiar structures in the cross section of the proximal convoluted tubule.
Disease and Immune System
TERMS AND CONNECTION TO THE NATURAL SELECTION TOPIC
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ANTIBODY FORMATION - WHAT ARE THEY AND WHAT DO THEY LOOK LIKE?
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OVERVIEW OF ALL THE CELLS ON THE IMMUNE TEAM
RELEVANT TO HIV/AIDS:
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NATURAL IMMUNE RESPONSE
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OTHER IMPORTANT IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODOLOGY
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FROM THE 11.1 ESSENTIAL BIOLOGY ASSIGNMENT...
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Video Imaging of the Processes - in a small group, compose a voice-over...
TAKE SOME TIME TO WATCH THIS FILM...Public Health Case Study
Based on Randy Shilt's 1987 book of the same name. All real characters, played by many prominent actors who volunteered their time. Excellent portrayal of the intersection of politics and science, especially the under-recognized area of public health. Click on image to the YouTube link (or find the downloaded version on the lab tab for this unit.
A REFLECTIVE UPDATE
From the website of the same name...and available on Netflix.
2011 marks 30 years since AIDS descended. Like an unrelenting hurricane, the epidemic roiled San Francisco for two decades and only began granting some reprieve with medical advancements in the late 90s. The death years of AIDS left the City ravaged and exhausted, yet, as in most of the developed world, the worst seems past. Though thousands are still living with HIV, and new infections continue at an alarming rate, the relentless suffering of the 80s and 90s has given way to a kind of calm, and, understandably, a degree of willful forgetfulness. We Were Here utilizes San Francisco’s experience with AIDS to open up an overdue conversation both about the history of the epidemic, and the lessons to be learned from it.
2011 marks 30 years since AIDS descended. Like an unrelenting hurricane, the epidemic roiled San Francisco for two decades and only began granting some reprieve with medical advancements in the late 90s. The death years of AIDS left the City ravaged and exhausted, yet, as in most of the developed world, the worst seems past. Though thousands are still living with HIV, and new infections continue at an alarming rate, the relentless suffering of the 80s and 90s has given way to a kind of calm, and, understandably, a degree of willful forgetfulness. We Were Here utilizes San Francisco’s experience with AIDS to open up an overdue conversation both about the history of the epidemic, and the lessons to be learned from it.
Entertaining example of use of monoclonal antibodies (against human gonadotrophin, HCG - pregnancy test) and preview of final unit on reproduction.
6.5 Neurons and Synapses
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Neuron Structure http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/
A MORE DETAILED IMAGE OF A NEURON -
Lots of diagrams and electron micrographs of these cells available. This one tries to hybridize the two media. |
This is the man with the beautiful name...Louis-Antoine Ranvier, who discovered the nodes in 1878.
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Use the following materials to make your own model of a neuron pathwaydominoes
mouse traps small balls of various materials - pingping, soft plastic, pompoms Evaluate the accuracy of your model - where is it a good representation, where does it fall short? |
Watch this animation through to the end and do the learning exercises.
This is a great place to make the connection between with the structure and function of the neuron and learning!
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What does the myelin sheath actually do?
What is the difference in the two types of conduction? How does this connect to (1) demyelinating diseases, like MS? to (2) the requirement that infants drink high fat content milk?
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11.2 Movement
FIRST, GO THROUGH THE MACROSCOPIC LEVELS OF UNDERSTANDING MUSCLES, BONES, TENDONS, LIGAMENTS, JOINTS, ETC...USE THE POWERPOINT TO REVIEW THIS AND ANSWER THE ESSENTIAL BIOLOGY QUESTIONS.
THEN SPEND A GOOD DEAL OF TIME REALLY BREAKING DOWN THE STEPS IN SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY
Clicking on the image should take to the Campbell Biology site. Try turning off the narration and see if you can explain it yourself.
HOW DARWIN CONNECTS WITH BRAVE NEW WORLD CONNECTS WITH SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY...
The animation/explanation goes by pretty quickly, but the cross-disciplinary connections are worth a look.
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AND TO SEE MUSCLE CONTRACT OUTSIDE OF THE BODY...
Reproductive System
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Fossilized live birth
