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        • Surface Area/Volume Lab >
          • Types of Errors - more notes.
        • Plasmolysis Lab
        • Cell Cycle Timing Lab
      • Biochemistry >
        • Surface Tension Lab
        • Molecules of Life - Modeling Activity
        • Jmol molecule visualizations
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      • Evolution >
        • Natural Selection Web Activities
        • Paper Worm Simulation - Data Collection and Processing
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        • Constructing Cladograms
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TOPICS ON CELLS

Essential Biology Learning Guides/Electronic Packet (homework, review)

    1.1 learning guide Introduction (Cell Theory)
    1.2
 learning guide Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Ultrastructure
    1.3
 learning guide Membrane Structure
    1.4
 learning guide Membrane Transport
    1.5 learning guide Origin of Cells - SL only!
    1.6
 learning guide Cell Division

Support/Resource material for unit (homework, class discussion)

Topic 1.1 slides (C Paine) Allott & Mindorff text pp. 1-16
Topic 1.2 slides (C Paine)  Allott & Mindorff text pp. 16-25
Topic 1.3 
slides (C Paine)  Allott & Mindorff text pp. 25-33
Topic 1.4 
slides  (C Paine)  Allott & Mindorff text pp.  33-45
Topic 1.5 
slides (C Paine)  Allott & Mindorff text pp.  45-51 SL only!
Topic 1.6 slides (C Paine)  Allott & Mindorff text pp 51-60
CELL THEORY (TOPIC 1.1)
The following video is a very nice treatment of the history of science behind the Cell Theory.  Below is an outline for taking notes while viewing.
Active Listening Questions to accompany the video

Exceptions to the Cell Theory...see multinucleate cells in slide presentation and this video on subcellular particles - virues, viroids & prions...and the diseases they cause.

Click to link below to the lab activity on SA/volume ratio
SA/VOL lab
Emergent Properties - what a beautiful example:
right:  Stem Cells - where do they come from? EuroStemCell video
left:  Stem Cells - overview - what are they good for?  Susan Lim, TED talk (INK conference, 2010, India)
Stem Cells - Real example, heart cells beating in petri dish
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION (TOPICS 1.2)
1.  Try this:  Cells - Fact or Fiction? 

2.  And for a nice organizer for Topic 1.2 - Cell Part Chart. 

3.  A GREAT site for reviewing parts of all cells - Cells alive.com 
4.  A bit of clarification on prokaryotic cell structure...
  • Although you may still find references to them, including the current IB Bio materials/tests, mesosomes are generally considered artifacts of electron microscope processing and probably serve no function in living cells.
  • The term "envelope" includes the plasma membrane directly around the cytoplasm and the cell wall, if present.
  • Bacterial cell walls can be quite varied - generally made of peptidoglycan (protein and carbohydrate), they can be (a) thick and external, or (b) thin and surrounded by a lipoprotein (lipid/protein) external membrane.  Different variations on this wall structure reflect adaptations to the great diversity of bacterial habitats.
  • Another optional outer structure is a secreted coating of slime, known as a capsule, which may help bacterial in attaching to their environment or to each other.
  • Projections coming off of the cell are also varied, including flagella (long and functioning for movement), pili (short, thick and functioning for connecting to other cells) and fimbria (short and thin and functioning for attachment and absorption of nutrients)
Picture
5.  TOK moment - alternate ways of thinking about cells...
Picture
British artist, Luke Jerrum has created pieces using structural data for various disease causing bacteria, viruses and micro-organisms.  In this interview, he discusses the balance between beauty and repulsion, as well as the importance of visual images in understanding an otherwise invisible world.

Picture
Picture
Plasmodium, a parasitic protozoan
BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES STRUCTURE AND TRANSPORT (TOPIC 1.3 & 1.4)

First, a bit of chemistry...



Picture
A triglyceride, a type of fat (or lipid)
Picture
Fatty Acid - part of what makes up fats (lipids)
Picture
Detail of the carbon bonds in the hydrocarbon tail of fatty acids
Picture
Ways that fatty acids can arrange themselves - in nature (bilayer and liposomes) or in soaps (micelles)
Modeling Membranes with Soap Bubbles - Lab Link 
(http://chemistry.about.com/od/cleanerchemistry/a/how-soap-cleans.htm)

Soaps are sodium or potassium fatty acids salts, produced from the hydrolysis of fats. Each soap molecule has a long hydrocarbon chain, sometimes called its 'tail', with a carboxylate 'head'. In water, the sodium or potassium ions float free, leaving a negatively-charged head.

Soap is an excellent cleanser because it is capable of dispersing one liquid into another liquid. This means that while oil (which attracts dirt) doesn't naturally mix with water, soap can suspend oil/dirt in such a way that it can be removed.

The organic part of a natural soap is a negatively-charged, polar molecule. Its hydrophilic (water-loving) carboxylate group (-CO2) interacts with water molecules via ion-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding. The hydrophobic (water-fearing) part of a soap molecule, its long, nonpolar hydrocarbon chain, does not interact with water molecules. The hydrocarbon chains are attracted to each other by dispersion forces and cluster together, forming structures called micelles. In these micelles, the carboxylate groups form a negatively-charged spherical surface, with the hydrocarbon chains inside the sphere. Because they are negatively charged, soap micelles repel each other and remain dispersed in water.

Grease and oil are nonpolar and insoluble in water. When soap and soiling oils are mixed, the nonpolar hydrocarbon portion of the micelles break up the nonpolar oil molecules. A different type of micelle then forms, with nonpolar soiling molecules in the center. Thus, grease and oil and the 'dirt' attached to them are caught inside the micelle and can be rinsed away.

FLUID MOSIAC MODEL - PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER AROUND ALL CELLS
Here's a (mostly) unlabeled fluid mosaic model image with which to test yourself:
Picture
 Video review of types of transport across the plasma membrane
Nice animation of phospholipid micelles (aggregates of the PL's with hydrophillic phosphates exposed and hydrophobic fatty acids on inside) fusing to make bilayer and eventually a membrane as it would surround cell cytoplasm. (J Szostak, MGH/HHMI)
2004 Nature Publishing Group Pietzsch, J. Mind the membrane. Horizon 
Symposia: Living Frontier, 1-4 (2004).  This is a very useful source of "Scitable" images from a highly respected publisher, Nature Publishing Group.  Definitely check it out for citations for lab reports.

 

Picture
Stick with this video demonstration...it gives an updated version of water transport across a membrane and a very nice animation showing both animal and plant cells and how they respond to being in high (hypertonic) or low (hypotonic) solute conditions. 

Picture
Prezi on Topic 1.4 (previously 2.4) - try it for review

Cell Division  - Mitosis and Cancer

Quirky but informative animation...especially good in the emphasis on the cell cycle as a whole. (don't worry - starts with black screen)

Questions to consider:

1.  Differentiate between cell cycle and mitosis
2.  How does the cell (both nucleus and cytoplasm) prepare for mitosis?
3.  Cancer can be thought of as mitosis gone awry - research two type of genes that cause cancer - p. 68, Biozone workbook.
4.  Normal cells stop dividing after 50 cell cycles or so (more on the mechanism for this later when we get to DNA/chromosome structure).  Some cells stop in a more programmed way - programmed cell death.  Is this a good or a bad thing - research on p. 71, Biozone book. Research other tissues that utilize PCD (also called apoptosis) on the internet.  Contrast apoptosis with necrosis.
Picture
David Agus TED talks, New Strategy in the War on Cancer (2010).  Questions to accompany the video.
And...the 3 years later appearance on Daily Show...

The Daily Show
Get More: Daily Show Full Episodes,Indecision Political Humor,The Daily Show on Facebook

or...from the bioengineer's perspective (perhaps the most impacting presentation)
Picture

Cell Division Data Collection: Cancer Cell Cams!

Picture
Click on this image to go to a REAL time cell cam image of human melanoma cells growing in culture.  Images are uploaded every ten minutes throughout the day.  Compare this to the Bacteria Cam on the same site.  Bacteria replicate so rapidly that these images are uploaded every minute!

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  • Home
  • SL Bio/Bio 2
    • SL/HL test review
    • SL Bio Blog/Review Discussion Site
    • Name that Sound
    • SL Bio - Topics >
      • Cells >
        • Surface Area/Volume Lab >
          • Types of Errors - more notes.
        • Processing Microscope Data
        • Soap Bubble Membranes
        • Plasmolysis Lab
        • Surface Area/Volume LabHL16 >
          • Types of Errors - more notes.
        • Cell Cycle Timing Lab
      • Biochemistry >
        • Enzyme Lab
        • Photosynthesis Lab
      • Genetics
      • Evolution
      • Ecology SL/Bio2
      • Physiology >
        • Sheep Heart dissection
        • Sheep Brain Dissection
      • SL Option A Neurobiology
  • SL Bio/Bio 2 (pre-2015 exams)
    • SL Bio - Topics >
      • Evolution >
        • Natural Selection Web Activities
        • Paper Worm Simulation - Data Collection and Processing
        • Coacervate Lab
        • Hominid Evolution - Skull Lab
      • Classification
      • Biochemistry >
        • Surface Tension Lab
        • Molecules of Life - Modeling Activity
        • Jmol molecule visualizations
        • Playdough and Toobers!
        • Enzyme Lab
      • SL Genetics >
        • Sockosomes/Chromosocks
      • Biotechnology >
        • DNA gel
        • Bacterial transformation lab
      • Physiology >
        • Digestion
        • Circulation/Gas Exchange >
          • Sheep Heart dissection
        • Nervous system
        • Nutrition - Option A
        • Defense Against Disease
        • Reproduction
      • Ecology >
        • Ecology DBQ practice
        • Population Growth Simulation
        • Emerging Disease Webquest
  • HL BIo Year 1 (pre-2015 exams)
    • Year 1 - Topics >
      • Cells >
        • Processing Microscope Data
        • Surface Area/Volume Lab >
          • Types of Errors - more notes.
        • Plasmolysis Lab
        • Cell Cycle Timing Lab
      • Biochemistry >
        • Surface Tension Lab
        • Molecules of Life - Modeling Activity
        • Jmol molecule visualizations
        • Playdough and Toobers!
        • Race for the Double Helix movie
        • Extraction
      • Metabolism >
        • Enzyme Lab
        • Photosynthesis/Respiration Lab
      • Genetics >
        • Sockosomes/Chromosocks
        • Corn genetics
        • Make a Face
      • Biotechnology >
        • DNA gel
        • Bacterial transformation lab
      • Ecology >
        • Ecology DBQ practice
        • Emerging Disease Webquest
        • Symbiosis in Termites
        • Population Growth Simulation
    • MSON Bioethics >
      • Ethics in Scientific Research
      • Bioethics Films
  • HL Bio Year 1
    • Year One Blog/Review Discussion SIte
    • Year 1 - Topics >
      • EvolutionHL2016
      • CellsHL2016 >
        • Cells: Class Flip Videos
        • Processing Microscope Data HL16
  • HL Bio Year 2
    • SL/HL test review
    • Year Two Blog/Review Discussion Site
    • Ecology Summer Work
    • Year 2 - Topics >
      • Plants
      • Biotechnology_ >
        • DNA gel_
        • Bacterial transformation lab_
        • Microarray
        • Natural Cloning
      • Physiology >
        • Sheep Heart dissection
        • Kidney Dissection
        • Sheep Brain Dissection
        • Chicken Wing Dissection
        • Sea Urchin Embryology
  • HL Bio Year 2 (pre-2015 exam)
    • Year 2 - Topics >
      • Evolution >
        • Natural Selection Web Activities
        • Paper Worm Simulation - Data Collection and Processing
        • Coacervate Lab
        • Hominid Evolution - Skull Lab
      • Phylogeny >
        • Constructing Cladograms
      • Plants >
        • Comparative look at animal developmental switches
        • Plant Microscope exercise
        • Plant Hormone Lab
        • Transpiration Lab
        • Plants and Micrographic Art
        • Plants and Human Art
      • Neurobiology >
        • Preview Topics
        • Neuron Action Potential Simulation
        • Connectome
        • Sheep Brain Dissection
        • Cow Eye Dissection
        • Invertebrate Behavior Lab
        • Altered Reality
        • Human Behavior Lab
      • Physiology >
        • Digestion Demos
        • Sheep Heart dissection
        • Blood typing
        • Kidney Dissection
        • AIDS Global Awareness
        • Virtual ELISA
        • Film - Politics, People and Science of AIDS
        • Chicken Wing Dissection
        • Sea Urchin Embryology
      • Review Project >
        • Review assignments, written by HL students
        • Web 2.0 Tools
  • IB Connections
    • TOK Connections >
      • Natural Sciences - TOK
    • MYP reference site
    • Extended Essay in Biology
    • Group 4 Project
    • Internal Assessment - 1st and 2nd year >
      • Advice on Internal Assessment
      • Uncertainty in calculations
      • t test/TI 83/excel
      • tips on mac excel graphs
      • Notes from IB worldwide report
      • Lab photo album
    • Advice for IB Papers >
      • Advice on IB Examinations
    • IB Learner Profile - How does HL Bio fit in?
  • Resources
    • for our SL friends
    • BioNinja
    • iBiology
    • Click4biology
    • Biozone Weblinks
    • IB Biology video review
    • Smullen Powerpoint
    • Wapole text
    • IB Guides
    • Recommended biology tutorials (besides IB)
    • Practice Tests/Exam Dates/Review Materials >
      • Review assignments, written by HL students
      • Knowledge audits
      • Biology Narratives - Review Activity
      • Organizational review assignment
      • Year 1 Final Review
      • Quizlets and Other Shared Reviews
  • Clubs and Committees
    • Science Olympiad >
      • 2012 Science Olympiad Team in action
      • Photos from the 2013 Olympiad
    • Bioethics Bowl >
      • Villanova Bioethics Competition >
        • Team Pictures - 2012
      • Peace and Ecology Committee
  • Biotechnology