(INFORMATION ON THIS PAGE INCLUDES TOPIC 3.5 & OPTIONS B.1-B.6 - TO AVOID SO MUCH SCROLLING - POSTED IN REVERSE CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER)
Essential Biology Learning Guides (homework, review)
3.5 Learning Guide - Genetic Modification & Biotechnology
B.1 Learning Guide - Microbiology - Organisms in Industry
B.2 Learning Guide - Biotechnology in Agriculture
B.3 Learning Guide - Environmental Protection
B.4 Learning Guide - Medical Biotechnology
B.5 Learning Guide - Bioinformatics
B.1 Learning Guide - Microbiology - Organisms in Industry
B.2 Learning Guide - Biotechnology in Agriculture
B.3 Learning Guide - Environmental Protection
B.4 Learning Guide - Medical Biotechnology
B.5 Learning Guide - Bioinformatics
Support material for unit (homework, class discussion)
Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology
Topic 3.5 powerpoint (C Paine) Allott & Mindorff text pp. 187-199
Option B.1 slides (adapted from Pearson text) Allott & Mindorff text pp. 558-565
Option B.2 slides (adapted from Pearson text) Allott & Mindorff text pp. 565-574
Option B.3 slides (adapted from Pearson text) Allott & Mindorff text pp. 575-582
Option B.4 slides (adapted from Pearson Text) Allott & Mindorff text pp. 582-590
Option B.5 slides (adapted from Pearson Text) Allott & Mindorff text pp 591-600
Topic 3.5 powerpoint (C Paine) Allott & Mindorff text pp. 187-199
Option B.1 slides (adapted from Pearson text) Allott & Mindorff text pp. 558-565
Option B.2 slides (adapted from Pearson text) Allott & Mindorff text pp. 565-574
Option B.3 slides (adapted from Pearson text) Allott & Mindorff text pp. 575-582
Option B.4 slides (adapted from Pearson Text) Allott & Mindorff text pp. 582-590
Option B.5 slides (adapted from Pearson Text) Allott & Mindorff text pp 591-600
OPTION B.4 - Beyond the curriculum - CRISPR Technology
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Read or hear more about it.. |
OPTION B.1 - FURTHER CONTENT ON MICROBIOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
Again, use the presentation of new material as a chance to review previous material.
- the basic differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes - think cell structure, binary fission vs. mitosis (Topic 1)
- features of organisms such as what is used as an energy source and what is used as a carbon source (Topic 4)
- some basic chemistry (Topic 2)- organic vs. inorganic - the most relevant way to define this is not just simply having carbon or not - but having C-H and/or C-C bonds - made through reactions in living things
- this is very closely connected to the concept from year 1 of metabolism - sets of biochemical reactions, often enzymatically regulated (which is the basis for pathway engineering, also in this option B1)
- pathway engineering modifies a natural pathway via increasing/decreasing enzyme activity to accumulate a particular valuable product - this can be done genetically and/or biochemically - by changing conditions for enzyme activity or use of inhibitors) (Topic 3)
TOPIC 3.5 - CORE CONTENT ON BIOTECHNOLOGY
Before we can make connections between the basic science of molecular biology and the applications in genetic engineering, lets review the basics of the Central Dogma from Year One. Remember, there are important exceptions to the DNA-RNA-protein scenario, such as reverse transcription, processing of pre-mRNA's to make alternative gene products, regulatory genes that do not rely on a protein product, etc. The table below should be "common knowledge" to you now.
Organization of subtopics within this unit - new concepts in red, refs to other topics in blue and planned labs in yellow.
1. Overview - basic science vs. applied science (engineering). Keep this in mind and use the learning of the technological application as an opportunity to review the basic biological concepts that the engineering is based upon.
2. Making DNA - Polymerase Chain Reaction (lab). Parallels between general DNA polymerase in DNA replication (topics 3.4/7.2) and Taq Polymerase used in PCR. What new possibilities exist with the practical application and what features of the components used in the technique allow these advances?
3. Characterizing/Profiling DNA - Restriction Fragment Polymorphisms visualized on Gel Electrophoresis (lab). Where do restriction endonucleases come from? What purpose do they serve in the original, native organism (review of 4.1)? How is enzyme specificity (2.5/7.6) illustrated in this technology? How about characteristic structure - especially charge - of nucleic acids (2.6/8.1)?
4. Databases and their use - Human Genome Project. Shared gene sequence within a species compared with diversity of DNA within a species (review of topic 5 - Evolution). How can each be valuable?
5. Genetic Modification - transfer of genes between varied organisms (interspecies) - Transformation protocol (and lab). How does this protocol rely on basic concepts of cell biology such as nucleic acid packaging in eukaryotes (histone-containing chromosomes) vs. prokaryotes (naked DNA and plasmids) (1.2/1.3), membrane structure (1.4), molecular bonding (2.1), enzymes such as RE's and ligase (2.7/7.1), environmental selection pressure via antibiotic resistance genes on plasmids. Q: Where do antibiotics come from in nature? A: fungi. Q: Then why would bacteria benefit from being able to resist antibiotics?? (review of 5.1). Examples of transformed organisms (GMO's) and discussion surrounding these. Some of the engineering strategies bring us back to the concept of metabolic pathways - see the video below about the GMO, golden rice.
6. How are therapeutic and reproductive cloning protocols based on the natural processes of cell division/mitosis and basic concepts of control of gene expression/specialization (1.1,1.5)? (The same video on GMO's below discussed the intersection between cloning and GMO's.
2. Making DNA - Polymerase Chain Reaction (lab). Parallels between general DNA polymerase in DNA replication (topics 3.4/7.2) and Taq Polymerase used in PCR. What new possibilities exist with the practical application and what features of the components used in the technique allow these advances?
3. Characterizing/Profiling DNA - Restriction Fragment Polymorphisms visualized on Gel Electrophoresis (lab). Where do restriction endonucleases come from? What purpose do they serve in the original, native organism (review of 4.1)? How is enzyme specificity (2.5/7.6) illustrated in this technology? How about characteristic structure - especially charge - of nucleic acids (2.6/8.1)?
4. Databases and their use - Human Genome Project. Shared gene sequence within a species compared with diversity of DNA within a species (review of topic 5 - Evolution). How can each be valuable?
5. Genetic Modification - transfer of genes between varied organisms (interspecies) - Transformation protocol (and lab). How does this protocol rely on basic concepts of cell biology such as nucleic acid packaging in eukaryotes (histone-containing chromosomes) vs. prokaryotes (naked DNA and plasmids) (1.2/1.3), membrane structure (1.4), molecular bonding (2.1), enzymes such as RE's and ligase (2.7/7.1), environmental selection pressure via antibiotic resistance genes on plasmids. Q: Where do antibiotics come from in nature? A: fungi. Q: Then why would bacteria benefit from being able to resist antibiotics?? (review of 5.1). Examples of transformed organisms (GMO's) and discussion surrounding these. Some of the engineering strategies bring us back to the concept of metabolic pathways - see the video below about the GMO, golden rice.
6. How are therapeutic and reproductive cloning protocols based on the natural processes of cell division/mitosis and basic concepts of control of gene expression/specialization (1.1,1.5)? (The same video on GMO's below discussed the intersection between cloning and GMO's.
How to organize this unit's information for review:
Remember that we are looking at applications of basic concepts here, and focus on the details of each procedure we studied, noticing the connections to the original basic concepts that we studied previously (but might be ripe for review around this time!) Try creating a table to organize the details of these procedures. If you have another favorite hierarchy organizational tool that works for you, feel free to use it instead, but do go beyond a basic vocab list for reviewing (too simple).
TECHNIQUE1. DNA PROFILING
incl. PCR & Electrophoresis __________2. GENETIC MODIFICATION
incl. Recombinant DNA & Use of Vectors __________3. CLONING
incl. both Therapeutic/ Reproductive & Natural __________ |
SUBSTANCE______________________________ |
STEPS______________________________ |
GOAL(S)
______________________________ |
PROBLEM(s)______________________________ |
1. DNA PROFILING, incl. PCR & Electrophoresis
REALLY - WHO DOESN'T LOVE A BUNCH OF SCIENTISTS HAVING (MAKING?) FUN (FOOLS?) OF THEMSELVES?
A GOOD EXPLANATION AND EXAMPLE OF PCR IN THIS VIDEO - CLICK TO THE LINK
2. GENE TRANSFER, incl. Recombinant DNA & Use of Vectors (other techniques covered in Option B)
A VERY COMPLETE PREZI ON GENE TRANSFER BETWEEN ORGANISMS - GREAT FOR REVIEW OF THAT PARTICULAR PROCEDURE.
A GOOD HISTORY AND DISCUSSION OF GMO'S, AS WELL AS CLEAR EXPLANATION OF METHODOLOGY FOR GENE TRANSFER IN BOTH PLANTS AND ANIMALS. PAY ATTENTION FOR A VERY PRACTICAL EXAMPLE (OPPORTUNITY FOR REVIEW!) OF A METABOLIC PATHWAY IN THE GOLDEN RICE STORY.
[HUMAN GENOME PROJECT (BIOINFORMATICS in Option B)]
Evolutionary fallout from genome studies
BEYOND THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT - UPDATE
| beyondhgp.pps |
3. CLONING, incl. both Therapeutic & Reproductive & Natural
MICROSCOPIC VIDEO OF NUCLEAR TRANSFER (FOR CLONING PURPOSES) - FROM HHMI LECTURE, 2009
VIRTUAL CLONING A MOUSE
A NEW WRINKLE ON GENE EXPRESSION - AGAIN, CLICK TO LINK.
