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Essential Biology Learning Guides (homework, review)

   4.4  Genetic Engineering/Biotechnology

Support material for unit (homework, class discussion)

Genetic Engineering/Biotechnology  
   Topic 4.4 powerpoint (S Taylor) CJ Clegg text pp. 117-135, 253, A Allott 

        review guide pp. 30-32  
4.4

Organization   of  subtopics  within  this  unit - new  concepts  in  red, refs  to  other  topics  in  blue  and  planned  labs  in  yellow.

1.  Overview - basic science vs. applied science (engineering).  Keep this in mind and use the learning of the technological application as an opportunity to review the basic biological concepts that the engineering is based upon.
2.  Making DNA - Polymerase Chain Reaction (lab). Parallels between general DNA polymerase in DNA replication (topics 3.4/7.2) and Taq Polymerase used in PCR.  What new possibilities exist with the practical application and what features of the components used in the technique allow these advances?
3.  Characterizing/Profiling DNA - Restriction Fragment Polymorphisms visualized on Gel Electrophoresis (lab).  Where do restriction endonucleases come from?  What purpose do they serve in the original, native organism (preview of 5.1)?  How is enzyme specificity (3.6/7.6) illustrated in this technology?  How about characteristic structure - especially charge - of nucleic acids (3.3/7.1)?
4.  Databases and their use - Human Genome Project.  Shared gene sequence within a species compared with diversity of DNA within a species (preview of topic/option D - Evolution).  How can each be valuable?
5.  Transfer of genes between varied organisms (interspecies) - Transformation protocol (and lab).  How does this protocol rely on basic concepts of cell biology such as nucleic acid packaging in eukaryotes (histone-containing chromosomes) vs. prokaryotes (naked DNA and plasmids) (2.2/2.3), membrane structure (2.4), molecular bonding (3.1), enzymes such as RE's and ligase (3.6/7.6), environmental selection pressure via antibiotic resistance genes on plasmids.  Q:  Where do antibiotics come from in nature? A: fungi.  Q:  Then why would bacteria benefit from being able to resist antibiotics?? (preview of 5.4/D and 5.1).  Examples of transformed organisms (GMO's) and discussion surrounding these.  Some of the engineering strategies bring us back to the concept of metabolic pathways - see the video below about the GMO, golden rice.
6.  How are therapeutic and reproductive cloning protocols based on the natural processes of cell division/mitosis and basic concepts of control of gene expression/specialization (2.1,2.5)? (The same video on GMO's below discussed the intersection between cloning and GMO's.

How   to   organize   this   unit's   information   for   review:

Remember that we are looking at applications of basic concepts here, and focus on the details of each procedure we studied, noticing the connections to the original basic concepts that we studied previously (but might be ripe for review around this time!)  Try creating a table to organize the details of these procedures.  If you have another favorite hierarchy organizational tool that works for you, feel free to use it instead, but do go beyond a basic vocab list for reviewing (too simple).

 TECHNIQUE

1. DNA PROFILING
incl. PCR & Electrophoresis

_______

2. GENE TRANSFER
incl. Recombinant DNA & Use of Vectors

_______

3. HUMAN GENOME PROJECT

_______

4. CLONING
incl. both Therapeutic & Reproductive

_______

SUBSTANCE

 



______





______



______




______

     STEPS

 



______





______



______

 


______

   GOAL(S)

 



______





_______



_______

 


_______

PROBLEM

 



_____





_____



_____




_____

1. DNA PROFILING, incl. PCR & Electrophoresis
REALLY - WHO DOESN'T LOVE A BUNCH OF SCIENTISTS HAVING (MAKING?) FUN (FOOLS?) OF THEMSELVES?
A GOOD EXPLANATION AND EXAMPLE OF PCR IN THIS VIDEO - CLICK TO THE LINK
Picture

2. GENE TRANSFER,  incl. Recombinant DNA & Use of Vectors
A VERY COMPLETE PREZI ON GENE TRANSFER BETWEEN ORGANISMS - GREAT FOR REVIEW OF THAT PARTICULAR PROCEDURE.
Picture
A GOOD HISTORY AND DISCUSSION OF GMO'S, AS WELL AS CLEAR EXPLANATION OF METHODOLOGY FOR GENE TRANSFER IN BOTH PLANTS AND ANIMALS.  PAY ATTENTION FOR A VERY PRACTICAL EXAMPLE (OPPORTUNITY FOR REVIEW!) OF A METABOLIC PATHWAY IN THE GOLDEN RICE STORY.
Picture

3. HUMAN GENOME PROJECT
Evolutionary fallout from genome studies
BEYOND THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT - UPDATE
beyondhgp.pps
File Size: 10710 kb
File Type: pps
Download File


4. CLONING, incl. both Therapeutic & Reproductive
MICROSCOPIC VIDEO OF NUCLEAR TRANSFER (FOR CLONING PURPOSES) - FROM HHMI LECTURE, 2009
VIRTUAL CLONING A MOUSE
Picture
A NEW WRINKLE ON GENE EXPRESSION - AGAIN, CLICK TO LINK.
Picture
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  • Home
  • SL Bio/Bio 2
    • SL/HL test review
    • SL Bio Blog/Review Discussion Site
    • Name that Sound
    • SL Bio - Topics >
      • Cells >
        • Surface Area/Volume Lab >
          • Types of Errors - more notes.
        • Processing Microscope Data
        • Soap Bubble Membranes
        • Plasmolysis Lab
        • Surface Area/Volume LabHL16 >
          • Types of Errors - more notes.
        • Cell Cycle Timing Lab
      • Biochemistry >
        • Enzyme Lab
        • Photosynthesis Lab
      • Genetics
      • Evolution
      • Ecology SL/Bio2
      • Physiology >
        • Sheep Heart dissection
        • Sheep Brain Dissection
      • SL Option A Neurobiology
  • SL Bio/Bio 2 (pre-2015 exams)
    • SL Bio - Topics >
      • Evolution >
        • Natural Selection Web Activities
        • Paper Worm Simulation - Data Collection and Processing
        • Coacervate Lab
        • Hominid Evolution - Skull Lab
      • Classification
      • Biochemistry >
        • Surface Tension Lab
        • Molecules of Life - Modeling Activity
        • Jmol molecule visualizations
        • Playdough and Toobers!
        • Enzyme Lab
      • SL Genetics >
        • Sockosomes/Chromosocks
      • Biotechnology >
        • DNA gel
        • Bacterial transformation lab
      • Physiology >
        • Digestion
        • Circulation/Gas Exchange >
          • Sheep Heart dissection
        • Nervous system
        • Nutrition - Option A
        • Defense Against Disease
        • Reproduction
      • Ecology >
        • Ecology DBQ practice
        • Population Growth Simulation
        • Emerging Disease Webquest
  • HL BIo Year 1 (pre-2015 exams)
    • Year 1 - Topics >
      • Cells >
        • Processing Microscope Data
        • Surface Area/Volume Lab >
          • Types of Errors - more notes.
        • Plasmolysis Lab
        • Cell Cycle Timing Lab
      • Biochemistry >
        • Surface Tension Lab
        • Molecules of Life - Modeling Activity
        • Jmol molecule visualizations
        • Playdough and Toobers!
        • Race for the Double Helix movie
        • Extraction
      • Metabolism >
        • Enzyme Lab
        • Photosynthesis/Respiration Lab
      • Genetics >
        • Sockosomes/Chromosocks
        • Corn genetics
        • Make a Face
      • Biotechnology >
        • DNA gel
        • Bacterial transformation lab
      • Ecology >
        • Ecology DBQ practice
        • Emerging Disease Webquest
        • Symbiosis in Termites
        • Population Growth Simulation
    • MSON Bioethics >
      • Ethics in Scientific Research
      • Bioethics Films
  • HL Bio Year 1
    • Year One Blog/Review Discussion SIte
    • Year 1 - Topics >
      • EvolutionHL2016
      • CellsHL2016 >
        • Cells: Class Flip Videos
        • Processing Microscope Data HL16
  • HL Bio Year 2
    • SL/HL test review
    • Year Two Blog/Review Discussion Site
    • Ecology Summer Work
    • Year 2 - Topics >
      • Plants
      • Biotechnology_ >
        • DNA gel_
        • Bacterial transformation lab_
        • Microarray
        • Natural Cloning
      • Physiology >
        • Sheep Heart dissection
        • Kidney Dissection
        • Sheep Brain Dissection
        • Chicken Wing Dissection
        • Sea Urchin Embryology
  • HL Bio Year 2 (pre-2015 exam)
    • Year 2 - Topics >
      • Evolution >
        • Natural Selection Web Activities
        • Paper Worm Simulation - Data Collection and Processing
        • Coacervate Lab
        • Hominid Evolution - Skull Lab
      • Phylogeny >
        • Constructing Cladograms
      • Plants >
        • Comparative look at animal developmental switches
        • Plant Microscope exercise
        • Plant Hormone Lab
        • Transpiration Lab
        • Plants and Micrographic Art
        • Plants and Human Art
      • Neurobiology >
        • Preview Topics
        • Neuron Action Potential Simulation
        • Connectome
        • Sheep Brain Dissection
        • Cow Eye Dissection
        • Invertebrate Behavior Lab
        • Altered Reality
        • Human Behavior Lab
      • Physiology >
        • Digestion Demos
        • Sheep Heart dissection
        • Blood typing
        • Kidney Dissection
        • AIDS Global Awareness
        • Virtual ELISA
        • Film - Politics, People and Science of AIDS
        • Chicken Wing Dissection
        • Sea Urchin Embryology
      • Review Project >
        • Review assignments, written by HL students
        • Web 2.0 Tools
  • IB Connections
    • TOK Connections >
      • Natural Sciences - TOK
    • MYP reference site
    • Extended Essay in Biology
    • Group 4 Project
    • Internal Assessment - 1st and 2nd year >
      • Advice on Internal Assessment
      • Uncertainty in calculations
      • t test/TI 83/excel
      • tips on mac excel graphs
      • Notes from IB worldwide report
      • Lab photo album
    • Advice for IB Papers >
      • Advice on IB Examinations
    • IB Learner Profile - How does HL Bio fit in?
  • Resources
    • for our SL friends
    • BioNinja
    • iBiology
    • Click4biology
    • Biozone Weblinks
    • IB Biology video review
    • Smullen Powerpoint
    • Wapole text
    • IB Guides
    • Recommended biology tutorials (besides IB)
    • Practice Tests/Exam Dates/Review Materials >
      • Review assignments, written by HL students
      • Knowledge audits
      • Biology Narratives - Review Activity
      • Organizational review assignment
      • Year 1 Final Review
      • Quizlets and Other Shared Reviews
  • Clubs and Committees
    • Science Olympiad >
      • 2012 Science Olympiad Team in action
      • Photos from the 2013 Olympiad
    • Bioethics Bowl >
      • Villanova Bioethics Competition >
        • Team Pictures - 2012
      • Peace and Ecology Committee
  • Biotechnology